The Pennines
The Pennines are a range of hills in the north of England extending from Derbyshire into Northumberland. They are separated from the Lake District in the west by the Eden Valley, and from the Cheviots in the north by the Tyne Gap, although the northerly extent is open to debate and some consider the Cheviots to be part of the Pennine range. An east/west gap accomodating the Rivers Ribble and Aire divides the Pennines in the central region.
The Pennines are divided into regions (which may be National Parks or Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty):
- Peak District (NP)
- South Pennines
- Yorkshire Dales (NP)
- Nidderdale (AONB)
- West Pennines
- Forest of Bowland (AONB)
- North Pennines (AONB)
Geologically, the Pennines comprise millstone grit, shales and carboniferous limestone. The hills are generally rounded from glacial action, with rocky outcrops from more recent weathering. On the tops, heather and grasses predominate in the drier areas, with extensive peat deposits and blanket bog in the wet. Fine dales have been cut in the fells by glacial action and the rivers flowing from the watershed.